You can contribute as much as you like into your pension, but there is a limit on the amount of tax relief you will receive each year. 

This Annual Allowance is currently £60,000. An individual can’t use the full £60,000 Annual Allowance where ‘relevant UK earnings’ are less than £60,000, although your employer still could. You may be able to, however, carry forward unused allowances from the past three years, provided you were a pension scheme member during those years. 

For every £2 of adjusted income (total taxable income including all pension contributions) over £260,000, an individual’s Annual Allowance is reduced by £1 (the minimum Annual Allowance is £10,000). 

The Lifetime Allowance of £1,073,100 was removed from 6 April 2024. 

If you have children under 18, a spouse who does not work, or who may not be earning enough to pay Income Tax, you can invest into a pension for each of them. 

The maximum annual contribution you can currently make is £2,880 which, along with tax relief, would amount to £3,600 a year. 

The ISA allowance is £20,000 for the 2024/25 tax year. You can put all the £20,000 into a Cash ISA, or invest the whole amount into a Stocks and Shares ISA or Innovative Finance ISA. You can also mix and match, putting some into Cash, some into Stocks and Shares and the rest into Innovative Finance if you wish. However, the combined amount can’t exceed your annual ISA allowance. From April 2024, it was made possible to subscribe to multiple ISAs of the same type each tax year. 

With pension contributions subject to limits, ISAs represent an excellent way of topping up retirement income. There is no Income Tax or Capital Gains Tax (CGT) payable on ISA proceeds. You cannot carry over your ISA allowance once the tax year has ended. 

In certain circumstances, investors can use existing holdings to open or top up their ISAs, this arrangement is known as a Bed & ISA. This is a way of transferring assets held outside an ISA into an ISA so that future investment income and growth are sheltered from tax. The investments are sold, cash is transferred into the ISA and the investments are repurchased. Charges apply and you could end up with a CGT liability if the gain you make on selling the asset together with any other taxable gains you make within the tax year exceeds the annual CGT allowance. 

A Lifetime ISA (LISA) is another option available to adults aged under 40, or under 50 for existing LISA holders. 

Junior ISAs are a tax-efficient way to build up savings for your children (and grandchildren) and must be opened by the parent or person with parental responsibility. JISAs can be opened for any child who does not hold a Child Trust Fund (unless the CTF is transferred to a JISA) and who is under 18 and living in the UK. The money can be held in Cash and/or invested in Stocks and Shares. 

They work in exactly the same way as your own ISA, however, the maximum investment is £9,000 per child. 

Annual subscriptions for ISAs, LISAs and JISAs have been frozen until 5 April 2030. 

You can make gifts worth up to £3,000 in each tax year. These gifts will be exempt from IHT on your death. You can carry forward any unused part of the £3,000 exemption to the following year but if you don’t use it in that year, the exemption will expire. 

Certain gifts don’t use up this annual exemption, however, there is still no IHT due on them e.g. wedding gifts of up to £5,000 for a child, £2,500 for a grandchild (or great grandchild) and £1,000 to anyone else. Individual gifts worth up to £250 are also IHT free. 

These are relatively small sums, but you should use these up where possible to gradually reduce your overall estate. 

During the Autumn Budget 2024, the freeze on IHT thresholds (£325,000) has been extended to 2030. From April 2027, pension pots will be considered part of taxable estates. This significant shift is likely to result in more estates facing IHT, especially for those who have relied on pensions as a tool for inheritance planning. Business Property Relief (BPR) and Agricultural Property Relief (APR) are also seeing changes, with relief for assets over £1m reduced to 50% from April 2026. This reduction could impact succession planning, particularly for small business owners and family farmers. 

Every individual is entitled to a CGT annual allowance which is currently £3,000 (£1,500 for trusts). You can’t carry forward relief and so you may look to crystallise gains up to this amount before the end of the tax year. Capital losses can also be used to offset gains. 

Above the CGT exemption, tax is payable at 18% for basic rate tax-payers and 24% for higher rate tax payers. These rates were increased from 10% and 20% respectively during the Autumn Budget. The taxable gains on residential property are taxed at 18% and 24% respectively. 

Assets can be transferred between married couples and civil partners without incurring a gain until the assets are subsequently disposed of. The disposal could then use both their annual exemptions. 

The rate for Business Asset Disposal Relief and Investors’ Relief (currently 10%) will increase to 14% from 6 April 2025 and then to 18% from 6 April 2026. 

For the current tax year, investors can earn up to £500 in dividend income tax-free. 

How much tax you pay on dividends above the Dividend Allowance depends on your Income Tax band: 

Basic rate 8.75% 

Higher rate 33.75% 

Additional rate 39.35% 

Here’s a reminder of the main tax planning opportunities: 

Pensions 

current Annual Allowance of £60,000 

Individual Savings Accounts (ISAs) 

maximum contribution of £20,000 

Junior Individual Savings Accounts (JISAs) 

maximum contribution of £9,000 per child 

Gifting for Inheritance Tax (IHT) purposes 

up to £3,000 a year 

Using Capital Gains Tax (CGT) Allowances 

£3,000 annual exemption per person 

WE’RE HERE TO HELP 

With the tax year-end imminent, please get in touch with us as soon as possible if you have any questions or want to discuss any aspect of your end of year tax planning. 

We look forward to hearing from you. 

Warning statement 

It is important to take professional advice before making any decision relating to your personal finances. Information within this document is based on our current understanding and can be subject to change without notice and the accuracy and completeness of the information cannot be guaranteed. It does not provide individual tailored investment advice and is for guidance only. Some rules may vary in different parts of the UK. We cannot assume legal liability for any errors or omissions it might contain. Levels and bases of, and reliefs from, taxation are those currently applying or proposed and are subject to change; their value depends on the individual circumstances of the investor. No part of this document may be reproduced in any manner without prior permission.